Islamic Scientific Schools

In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. Introduction On  May 30, 2025 , a landmark moment in international diplomacy unfolded in   Hong Kong , as  83 countries  signed the  Convention on the Establishment of the International Organization for Mediation (IOMed) . This treaty marks the birth of the world’s first  intergovernmental legal organization dedicated solely to mediation , offering an alternative to traditional forums such as the  International Court of Justice (ICJ)  and the  Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) . The Foundational Vision The  IOMed Convention  aims to institutionalize  peaceful dispute resolution through mediation , a process distinct from litigation or arbitration. Unlike court-based mechanisms that rely on binding judgments, IOMed encourages  voluntary, confidential, and consensus-driven processes  for resolving inter-state disputes. It is rooted in: The UN Charter’s Ar...

In the Name of Allah---the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. 1. Introduction The Islamic system of governance is neither a  theocracy  run by priests nor a secular  democracy  founded upon popular sovereignty. It is a  moral–legal system  rooted in the  sovereignty of Allah ( ḥākimiyyat-e-Ilāhiyyah ) , where human authority operates as a  trust ( amānah)  to implement divine law and uphold justice. The Qur’an declares: “The command (ḥukm) belongs to none but Allah.” (Yūsuf 12:40) This verse establishes that ultimate authority to legislate belongs to God alone. The human ruler, called  Imām  or  Khalīfah , is therefore not sovereign in his own right but an executor of the divine will through the  Sharī‘ah . 2. The Foundational Principle: Sovereignty of Allah The foundation of the Islamic polity rests on the recognition that  Allah alone is the Lawgiver and Sovereign . The Qur’an states: “It is not for a believing man...